HPLC vs UPLC - Exploring the Differences

In the realm of component separation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) are two extensively utilized methodologies.

 

However, discerning between these techniques can be perplexing for many individuals. This article seeks to offer clarity by defining HPLC and UPLC and providing a detailed comparison to elucidate their distinct features.

 

What They Have in Common

 

The confusion surrounding HPLC and UPLC is natural considering their overlapping traits. Fundamentally, both methodologies are geared towards isolating components within mixtures. As part of the liquid chromatography family, they utilize liquid solvents in their mobile phases.

 

Moreover, both HPLC and UPLC support identification and quantification procedures. This implies that the results derived from either technique can be leveraged to ascertain component quantities while concurrently isolating and identifying them. Ultimately, these methodologies exhibit similar levels of accuracy and precision, adding to the challenge of distinguishing between them.

 

Differences Between HPLC and UPLC

 

Despite their similarities, HPLC and UPLC exhibit several notable differences:

 

1. Pressure: HPLC systems, previously known as high-pressure liquid chromatography, can withstand pressures up to 6,000psi. In contrast, UPLC systems excel with a capacity of up to 15,000psi. 

 

2. Particle Sizes: UPLC, boasting higher sensitivity, allows for the use of smaller particle sizes within columns, making it ideal for analyzing samples with low-component concentrations.

 

3. Applications: Due to its heightened sensitivity, UPLC is suitable for analyzing complex samples with minimal component quantities, such as dietary supplements and biological samples. Conversely, HPLC is commonly employed in simpler applications like water purification and identifying impurities in pharmaceuticals.

 

4. Popularity: HPLC, introduced in 1967, enjoyed widespread popularity until the mid-2000s. However, with the introduction of UPLC systems offering improved flow rates, resolution, and faster analysis speeds, UPLC has emerged as the favored choice in the analytical chemistry field.

 

The End 

 

Although HPLC and UPLC share a common goal, UPLC represents a newer and more advanced technology that offers numerous advantages over its predecessor. As UPLC gains popularity, it becomes the preferred choice for a wider array of applications, especially those dealing with complex mixtures. Nonetheless, HPLC continues to be a reliable and extensively used technique in various industries, including pharmaceuticals.